Now use your notes from the chart to write your essay.

• Sept. 23 marks Saudi Arabia's National Day, celebrating the unification of Najd and Hijaz.
• In 1932, the merged nations became the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, after the family of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, of the House of Saud.
• It is known and called in Arabic Al Yom Al Watany .
• National Day in Saudi Arabia has become hugely nationalistic over the past several years.
• Everyone dresses in green and white (the colours of the Saudi Arabian flag).
• Special cultural events are held, and national pride is palpable everywhere, from people decorating their cars and homes to buildings lit up in green for the day.
• There are also green and white Saudi balloons all around the kingdom.
• Visiting on National Day is a treat as joy and festivities radiate across Saudi Arabia.

EXPANSION Units 4–6

A. Match the words and their definitions.

1. l restless
2. i broke
3. k admire
4. b idiosyncratic
5. g doze off
6. e temperament
7. d for ages
8. a delusion
9. h anxiety
10. j ally
11. c brand
12. f revolutionary

C. Combine each pair of sentences using a paired conjunction.

1. He worries a lot. He tries to avoid conflict.

He doesn't only worries, but he also tries to avoid conflict.

2. Ben doesn’t like to play football. Scott doesn’t like to play football.

Neither Ben nor Scott like to play football.

3. Betty likes to talk about her feelings. Tara likes to talk about her feelings.

Both Betty and Tara like to talk about their feelings.

4. They will have pizza. They will have pasta. They don’t know yet.

They will either have pizza or pasta. They don't know yet.

5. Madison likes to speak in formal situations. Madison likes to speak in informal situations.

Madison likes to speak in formal and informal situations.

6. Sea turtles can swim underwater. Sea turtles can live to be very old.

Sea turtles can swim and live for a long time.

7. Men don’t like to do tedious tasks. Men don’t like to talk about their feelings.

Men don't like tedious tasks nor talk about their feelings.

8. The meal can be served with rice. The meal can be served with salad.

The meal can be either served with rice or salad.

D. Answer the questions, using complete sentences with adverb clauses. Use the adverbs in parentheses.

1. Where do you take your cell phone?

(wherever) I take my cell phone wherever I go.

2. When should you call 997 or another emergency number?

(Only if) Only if there is an emergency.

3. Why are you studying English?

(So that) So that I can study in the U.S.

4. Why don’t you have school on September 23rd?

(because of) Because it's our national day.

5. Why do you have an umbrella?

(In case) I have an umbrella in case it rains.

6. Where can you use the Internet?

(everywhere) Everywhere you go.

E. Complete the sentences. Use the verb in parentheses as a gerund or an infinitive.

1. Our biology teacher always stops talking (talk) to us when she sees us in the school yard.
2. Did you remember to buy (buy) the tickets? I’m worried they’ll sell out if we don’t get them soon.
3. I tried turning (turn) on the light, but it’s not working. We might need to buy a new one.
4. I regret to tell (tell) you that the tickets were sold out when I tried to buy them. I’m sorry.
5. My grandmother remembers paying (pay) only 25 cents to buy an ice-cream cone. Times have changed a lot since she was a little girl.
6. On our way home, we stopped to have (have) an ice-cream cone. It was delicious.
7. I don’t remember seeing (see) a bag. Are you sure you took it with you?
8. I regretted watching (watch) that horror film on TV. I had nightmares for weeks.

F. Combine the sentences. Use an auxiliary verb with but or and.

1. The BMX-3000 is sophisticated. My old car isn’t sophisticated.

The BMX is sophisticated, but my old car isn’t.

2. This packaging doesn’t look good. This advertisement doesn’t look good.

This packaging doesn’t look good, and nor the advertisement.

3. The commercial is good. The slogan is good.

The commercial is good, and the slogan is too.

4. The uniforms aren’t new. The sneakers are new.

The uniforms aren't new, but the sneakers are.

5. China sells the car. Mexico sells the car.

China sells the car, and Mexico does too.

6. The spokesperson is a scientist. The sponsor isn’t a scientist.

The spokesperson is a scientist, but the sponsor isn’t.

7. Endorsements are a way to advertise. The” Bandwagon Technique” is a way to advertise.

Endorsements are a way to advertise, and the Bandwagon too.

8. The commercial isn’t funny. The billboard isn’t funny.

The commercial isn’t funny, and the billboard isn't either.

H. Write as many words as possible that collocate with these items.

I. Look at the picture and write words that describe what is happening. Write sentences about what each boy could be thinking using some of your action words (verbs).

Action words (verbs)

mark, kick, take, score a goal, win, trick, hang on, keep, lose.

1. He's going to take the ball away from me.

J. WRITING

Write an essay about the customs and traditions of a holiday that you celebrate. 1. Before you write, use the chart below to organize your ideas. In the first column, write two or three customs or traditional things that people do on the holiday. Research these traditions and then write notes about the origin of each in the second column.

2. Now use your notes from the chart to write your essay.

• Sept. 23 marks Saudi Arabia's National Day, celebrating the unification of Najd and Hijaz.
• In 1932, the merged nations became the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, after the family of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, of the House of Saud.
• It is known and called in Arabic Al Yom Al Watany.
• National Day in Saudi Arabia has become hugely nationalistic over the past several years.
• Everyone dresses in green and white (the colours of the Saudi Arabian flag).
• Special cultural events are held, and national pride is palpable everywhere, from people decorating their cars and homes to buildings lit up in green for the day.
• There are also green and white Saudi balloons all around the kingdom.
• Visiting on National Day is a treat as joy and festivities radiate across Saudi Arabia.